Introduction
As an important part of mining, mining automation equipment is directly related to whether mining activities can operate normally. As the level of mechanical automation in our country continues to improve, people are paying more and more attention to the maintenance and repair of mining automation equipment. Usually, the working environment of mining automation equipment is relatively complex, and it often works in humid and narrow environments, which seriously affects the performance and service life of mining automation equipment.
Scientific maintenance and repair measures can eliminate safety hazards, extend the service life of equipment, and improve mining efficiency. Therefore, studying the maintenance and repair of mining machinery automation equipment has very important practical significance.
1 Common faults of mining automation equipment
In actual operation, the main problems facing automated mining equipment include hydraulic component failure, damage to equipment components, and improper lubrication management. Component damage mainly arises because automated mining equipment operates under heavy loads, affecting gear operating efficiency. Repeated starting and stopping further damages gears severely and causes gear faults. In addition, if components such as sprockets or output shafts are not lubricated, dry friction occurs, leading to sprocket and output shaft failure. Hydraulic component failure mainly involves failure of the oil supply to hydraulic components in automated mining equipment, preventing normal operation.
The reason for the oil supply failure of hydraulic components is the presence of slag and dust in the pump. The oil temperature of the hydraulic components is too high or the oil tank leaks, which lowers the oil level in the oil tank. Impurities in the oil suction pipeline or the oil filter block the pipeline. Improper lubrication management is mainly due to the lack of understanding of equipment lubrication by managers and the use of poor quality lubricants, which cannot meet the lubrication needs of mining automation equipment, thereby increasing equipment wear and shortening the equipment life cycle.
2 Classification of common faults during the use of mining machinery and equipment
Common failures during the use of automated mining equipment fall into the following categories: First, latent failures. These mainly involve minor damage during operation that changes machinery parameters and eventually causes equipment failure as it accumulates over time. Such faults are extremely difficult to detect initially and require careful maintenance by personnel. Second, wear-related failures. These mainly result from friction between components during operation. They progressively worsen over time, with new faults continually developing. Third, diverse failures.
This type of failure mainly refers to the occurrence of one or more failures in multiple parts of the equipment during operation, which greatly affects the equipment parameters. However, because the failure criteria are vague, it is difficult to find; fourth, sudden failure. The causes of this type of failure are illegal operations by operators, unstable voltage, bad weather and other external factors. Due to its sudden nature, this kind of failure generally has a relatively large impact and is easy to be discovered.
3 Repair and maintenance of mining automation equipment
3.1 Maintenance of mining automation equipment
The maintenance of mining automation equipment includes preventive maintenance and fault maintenance. Preventive maintenance refers to the company's regular maintenance of mining automation equipment to eliminate potential parts damage and failures of automation equipment. It mainly includes regular preventive maintenance such as lubricating, cleaning, and tightening equipment parts. It does not go deep into the interior of the mining automation equipment for maintenance, and cannot fundamentally improve the performance of the mining automation equipment and reduce the probability of failure.
Breakdown maintenance is mainly performed after automated mining equipment develops a functional fault. Its ultimate purpose is to identify faults and restore equipment function, primarily using specific repair techniques to improve fault recovery efficiency. The method currently used most often in automated mining equipment maintenance is assembly interchange: damaged components are replaced with new mechanical components, while appropriate technical methods are used to repair the damaged ones. Once repaired and inspected as acceptable, these components can be reused.
This maintenance method can not only simplify the maintenance process of mining machinery and equipment, but also improve the attendance rate of machinery and equipment, thus improving the efficiency of mining enterprises.
3.2 Mining machinery maintenance
Mining machinery maintenance can be divided into periodic maintenance, daily maintenance, precision inspection and scheduled servicing. Current maintenance and repair of automated mining equipment focus mainly on servicing, including first-level and second-level servicing. Routine maintenance comprises daily and weekly routines. Daily routines are performed after operating the equipment and before handover, following the relevant procedures. They include checking freedom of movement, adding lubricating oil, cleaning, checking equipment temperature and checking basic performance during low-speed running. Any problems must be addressed promptly. Weekly routines involve maintenance personnel servicing the operating and transmission systems, electrical systems, hydraulic systems and related parts each week.
Maintenance and upkeep of mining automation equipment mainly includes local disassembly and cleaning of mining automation equipment, clearing pipelines and oil circuits, replacing oil filters, felts and other components, and recording potential safety hazards that have not been eliminated in primary maintenance; secondary maintenance mainly includes cleaning and repairing internal devices of the equipment, repairing worn parts, and making secondary maintenance records. The purpose of secondary maintenance is mainly to improve equipment performance and reliability and extend equipment service life.
4 Quality improvement strategy for maintenance and repair of mining automation equipment
4.1 Establish and implement maintenance mechanism
Establishing and implementing a complete maintenance system is an important strategy for maintaining and repairing automated mining equipment. First, classify equipment by criticality and importance, focusing maintenance on key equipment. Second, establish a professional inspection system meeting modern equipment-management requirements, including specialist inspections, daily checks and precision inspections, to prevent problems in advance. Finally, establish clear rewards and penalties and assign individual responsibility for machinery faults to ensure the maintenance system is implemented effectively.
4.2 Establish a normalized work mode for maintenance
To implement maintenance effectively, it must become a regular part of daily work, with maintenance management carried out as tangibly and effectively as other work, meeting both quality and quantity requirements. First, establish machinery and equipment teams and divide responsibility areas so that each team is accountable for maintaining designated automated mining equipment. Teams can then conduct testing and analysis activities competitively to ensure maintenance quality. Second, establish a 'three-level inspection' system, including spot checks, daily inspections, weekly inspections, and monthly evaluations, to ensure maintenance is fully implemented.
4.3 Increase technical training and improve the professional level of maintenance personnel
The competence of automated mining-equipment maintenance personnel is another important influence on maintenance quality. Mining managers should give maintenance greater attention and arrange regular learning and training to improve staff competence. They can also invite specialist technicians to provide on-site guidance and raise maintenance skills. In addition, selected key personnel can visit other operations for study and observation to further improve their technical expertise.
Conclusion
All in all, the maintenance and repair of mining automation equipment plays a very important role in the normal production of mining enterprises. In the actual working process, mining automation equipment is prone to mechanical failures, which affects the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, relevant companies need to reasonably arrange equipment maintenance and repair work based on the operating environment and work intensity of mining automation equipment, enhance employees' awareness of repair and maintenance, effectively improve the reliability of mining automation equipment, and enhance corporate economic benefits.
Source: Equipment Management Network
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