The outer circle of the workpiece is generally ground on an ordinary M1332 cylindrical grinder or a M1432 universal cylindrical grinder. Cylindrical grinding generally has three methods: longitudinal grinding, transverse grinding and deep grinding.
(1) Longitudinal grinding method
When grinding the outer circle by the longitudinal grinding method, the high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel is the main movement no. While the workpiece makes a circular feed motion, it also makes a longitudinal reciprocating motion with the workbench to realize the axial feed fa of the workpiece. At the end of each single stroke or each reciprocating stroke, the grinding wheel periodically moves laterally to realize the feed fr along the radial direction of the workpiece, thereby gradually grinding away all the remaining grinding allowance in the radial direction of the workpiece. After grinding to size, perform a polishing process without cross feed until sparks disappear.
Since the longitudinal grinding method has less radial feed fr each time, small grinding force, and good heat dissipation conditions, it fully improves the grinding accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece and can meet higher processing quality requirements, but the grinding efficiency is low. The longitudinal grinding method for grinding the outer circle is suitable for grinding larger workpieces and is a common method for single-piece and small-batch production.
(2) Horizontal grinding method
When an outside diameter is ground by plunge grinding, the grinding wheel is wider than the workpiece's grinding width, so no longitudinal feed along the workpiece axis is required. The wheel moves slowly in a continuous or intermittent transverse feed, providing radial feed fr into the workpiece until the required size is achieved. This method fully uses the wheel's cutting capability, offers high grinding efficiency and is also suitable for form grinding. However, the large contact area between wheel and workpiece increases grinding force and makes the workpiece susceptible to deformation and grinding burns.
In addition, the grinding wheel shape error directly affects the geometric shape accuracy of the workpiece, resulting in lower grinding accuracy and larger surface roughness value. Therefore, a grinder with high power and good rigidity must be used, and sufficient cutting fluid must be provided during grinding to achieve the purpose of cooling. When using the horizontal grinding method, the process system is required to be rigid and the workpiece should be short rather than long. This grinding method is usually used for the fine grinding process of short stepped shaft journals.
(3) Deep grinding method
The deep grinding method is a relatively advanced method with high productivity. The grinding allowance is generally 0.1~0.35mm. This method can grind the entire allowance in one pass. When grinding, the feed amount is small. Generally, the longitudinal feed amount is 1~2 mm/r, which is about 15% of the "longitudinal grinding method", and the processing time is about 30~75% of the longitudinal grinding method.
(Source: Internet)